Surgery to remove most or all of the cancer as possible is the primary goal for breast cancer surgeon. There are many option available today and most of them aim at conserving the breast while getting rid of the cancer. The type of surgery performed depends upon the size and location of the breast lump or tumorand the type and stage of the breast cancer (If the cancer has spread within the breast or has spread outside of the breast to the lymph nodes, or to other parts of the body. Your physician can explain the benefits and risks of each type, in addition to answering any questions or concerns you may have prior to surgery.

Approaches to Breast Cancer Surgery

Mastectomy- is the surgical removal of a breast. Breast reconstruction is possible in many instances after the mastectomy.

Simple or total mastectomy- removal of the breast, with its skin and nipple, but no lymph nodes. In some cases, a separate sentinel node biopsy is performed to remove only the first one to three axillary (armpit) lymph nodes.

Modified Radical mastectomy - removal of the part of the affected breast, nipple/areolar region, the pectoral (chest) major and minor muscles, and lymph nodes.

Lumpectomy

Lumpectomy is the surgical removal of a cancerous lump ( tumor) in the breast, along with a small margin of the surrounding normal breast tissue. Lumpectomy is a wide excision biopsy and is a breast conserving therapy. The procedure is often performed on women with minor or localized breast cancers and allows women to maintain most of their breast after surgery. Women with small breast tumors have an equal chance of surviving breast cancer regardless of whether they have a lumpectomy, followed by a full course of radiation therapy. An excisional biopsy may be performed with "needle"


Auxiliary Node Dissection

Axillary node dissection, the surgical removal of the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, is usually performed on patients with invasive cancers. A radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or lumpectomy operation often includes auxiliary node.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a new procedure that involves removing only one to three sentinel lymph nodes (the first nodes in the lymphatic chain). To perform sentinel node biopsy, a radioactive tracer and/or blue dye is injected into a region of a tumor. The dye is then carried to the sentinel node (the lymph node ) and makes it easy to diagnose if the lymph node is cancerous and that lymph node and others are removed and examined.

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