Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
IMRT involves varying the intensity of the radiation, being used as therapy for cancer. It is a new form of radiation therapy that uses computer-generated images to plan and then deliver more focused and accurate radiation beams to cancerous tumors than is possible with conventional radiotherapy. With this capability, clinicians can deliver a precise radiation dose that conforms to the shape of the tumor, while significantly reducing the amount of radiation to surrounding healthy tissues. Consequently, the technique can increase the rate of tumor control while significantly reducing adverse side effects.

A medical linear accelerator generates the photons, or x-rays, used in IMRT. The machine is the size of a small car-approximately 10 feet high and 15 feet long. The patient lies on the treatment table, while the linear accelerator delivers multiple beams of radiation to the tumor from various directions. The intensity of each beam's radiation dose is dynamically varied according to treatment plan.

Advantages of IMRT Treatment

IMRT offers the potential advantage of dose escalation without a corresponding increase in radiotherapy-associated toxicity to surrounding tissue. Several potential advantages of IMRT over conventional radiotherapy include greater latitude for dose escalation which may lead to improved local control and cure, the ability to deliver differential dose rates, a possible reduction in acute and late radiation toxicity, the potential to approach any complex problem regardless of shape, and the scope for the use of low doses of radiation to elevate doses to appropriate levels.

Disadvantages of IMRT Treatment

Compared with conventional radiotherapy, there are several potential disadvantages of IMRT, including dose heterogeneity within the target that is the result of multiple beam delivery, increased volume of normal tissue exposure ,inefficiency of beam delivery and beam leakage that may result in a total body dose that is significantly higher than in conventional radiotherapy.

Side Effects

The short term side effects may be hair loss in the treatment area, mouth problems and difficulty swallowing, eating and digestion problems ,diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, headaches, soreness and swelling in the treatment area urinary and bladder changes. The long term side effects may be brain changes, spinal cord changes, lung changes, kidney changes, colon and rectal changes, infertility, joint changes Lymphedema, mouth changes and secondary cancer.

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